Territorial+Expansion

__Territorial Expansion__ by Julia Faett (lots of hunting, crop growing, and gathering used for getting resources needed). - This led to a volatile relationship with the Europeans and the Indians- sometimes peaceful, sometimes violent 1492- Columbus of Spain believed he was sailing to China, but instead he had reached North America Settlements 13 colonies soon formed into a loose joining (South focused more on agriculture, North on industry and it's cities). __French and Indian War__- granted large amounts of land to England from the French and the Indians __Revolutionary War-__ the Americans were given the land east of the Mississippi River from England (Canada border to North Florida) -turnpikes started emerging to bring these people out west
 * Before European Expansion**
 * Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs prominent in Southern North America as well as South America
 * Mid North America- various Indian tribes such as the Eastern Woodlands, Pueblo, and the Iroquois
 * Exploration**
 * many countries rushed to explore the "New World" - England, Spain, Portugal, France, Netherlands
 * Some used harsh tactics in "dealing with" the Indians- spread diseases, fought them, took their land, converted them to Catholicism, etc.
 * Many other explorers followed: Cabot, De Leon, Cortes, Balboa, etc- all to claim land for their country
 * Spain had claimed much of present day Mexico and South America**
 * 1607- Jamestown established by England in present day Virginia**
 * Many problems:**
 * 1) swampy site**
 * 2) humid in the summer months**
 * 3) helped spread Malaria**
 * 4) Surrounded by powerful, and potentially warlike Indians under Chief Powhatan**
 * -Roanoke also was established by England, but it was a huge disaster**
 * Tobacco was the main crop in these colonies- but it brought about the need for slave labor from Africa**
 * __Headright system__- grants of land given in return of various types of payment**
 * Maryland founded by George Calvert**
 * New England grew through Plymouth colony (established by England), Massachusetts Bay Colony (the Puritans), and Rhode Island (established by Sir Roger Williams).**
 * Ordinances of 1784 and 1785 made to expand settlement in the Northwest (present day Ohio, Michigan, etc.)

1803- United States purchases land west of the Mississippi River from Napoleon of France (__Louisiana Purchase__) - Lewis and Clark then explored this territory Under Jackson, Cherokees were moved to modern day Oklahoma
 * Addition of more lands**
 * Fur trappers began moving farther west than the Louisiana Purchase
 * Missouri annexed into the US as a slave state through the Missouri Compromise (1819)
 * Indian Removal**

__Webster-Ashburton Treaty-__established border between US and Canadian territory
 * railroads built to expand further west

__Manifest Destiny__- it was America's right from God to expand westward - Polk wanted Texas and Oregon to become states Oregon was given to the US at the 49th parallel __The Mexican War-__ instigated by Polk, this war gave the US Texas, California, and New Mexico through the //Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo// __Missouri Compromise__- declared that everything above the 36 30 parallel would be a free state __Compromise of 1850__- California becomes a free state -//Ostend Manifesto-// attempt from US to buy Cuba from Spain (didn't work) __Kansas Nebraska Act-__ created these two new states into the US, and they were given popular sovereignty on the issue of slavery __Civil War-__ brings the Southern states to form the Confederacy __Gadsen Purchase-__ US buys a piece of land from Mexico for building a railroad __Adams-Onis Treaty__- US receives Florida from Spain __Homestead Acts__ were enacted to encourage westward settlement- they provided lands available for settlers European Imperialism encouraged the US to expand themselves in: Hawaii Guam Puerto Rico These islands helped stimulate the American economy by providing them with ports for their ships and new industries such as sugarcane __Open-Door policy__ allowed Americans to do business in China as well as in other areas __Alfred T Mahan's //The Influence of Sea Power upon History//-__ believed that to be a world power, the US needed a strong navy __Frederick Jackson Turner's //The Significance of the Frontier in American History//__//-//expansion will promote growth in America's economy - not all agreed with Imperialism (ex. Anti-Imperialist League) __Treaty of Paris__ signed to give Cuba independence, as well as to let the US have the Philipeanes __Platt Amendment-__ allowed the US to be invloved in Cuban affairs. __Jones Act-__made Philipeanes a US territory
 * Looking Westward**
 * Mexico invited Americans into Texas
 * __The Monroe Doctrine__ was significant because under Monroe, it stated that Europeans should "stay out" from colonizing the US and the US would stay out of colonizing in their countries. Showed the growing fear of foreigners which would further intensify with the immigration movements from Western Europe
 * California Gold Rush brought many poor men out west (49ers)
 * Issues of New Territories Added**
 * Brought about the issue of "Bleeding Kansas"
 * Reconstruction brings the North and South together again to form the United States
 * The Civil War showed the importance of the North and South Territory- the status of the various states on slavery played a significant role throughout the war
 * Encouragement of Moving Westward**
 * Railroad building increased to help travelers go west
 * Imperialism**
 * William Seward purchased Alaska from Russia in what is known as "Seward's Folly"
 * Important Writings of the era**
 * Some encouraged it for the spreading of religion
 * US received some islands in Samoa
 * The Spanish American War**
 * came about from the Cuban independence movement
 * Yellow Journalism also increased the want for war
 * Territorial Movements after WWI**
 * huge movement from rural to urban (especially for blacks, who found life in the cities more accomidating)
 * Also a move to the suburbs for middle class families
 * US became involved with the Korean War as well as with the Vietnam War to contain communism in the Cold War