Legislative+History


 * ==**__Legislative History__**==
 * //__Colonial Era__ // **
 * **__Navigation Laws(1660,1663, 1673,1696)__- series of strict British trade policies designed to promote British shipping and control important aspects of colonial trade (*tobacco); devastating effect on American colonial economy **
 * **__Iron Act of 1750__- prevented americans from making iron tools/works; made them send it to Britain to be manufactured and bought for a higher price later **
 * **__Proclamation of 1763__- British law that prohibited settlement west of the Appalachians (ignored); used to try and make peace w/Indians **
 * **__Sugar Act of 1764__- Increased duties on foreign sugar imports from Indies; was reduced after major protests **
 * **__Mutiny (Quartering) Act of 1765__- Forced colonists to feed/house British troops; resisted **
 * **__Stamp Act of 1765__- Taxed commercial documents and trade; forced into repulsion later **
 * **__Declaratory Act of 1766__- stated that Great Britain had the right to "bind" and tax the colonies in all cases; protested **
 * **__Townsend Acts__- Duties on glass, paper, paint, and tea to pay royal salaries; *result was increase in smuggling **
 * **__Tea Act of 1773__- tax on non-British tea; made because British tea Co. had a surplus and needed to sell it; boycotted by colonists **
 * **__Coercive (Intolerable) Acts__- Laws put on MA + rebellious colonies, were denied public meetings and had military force **
 * **__Quebec Act__- Consolatory measure to French to give Canadians more land and keep Catholicism **
 * **__Conciliatory Propositions__- Lord North created them (1775); colonies tax themselves w/Parliament's permission instead of Parliament taxing colonies directly **
 * **__Prohibitory Act__- closed colonies to all trade; no concessions to American demands; enforced with a blockade on colonial ports **
 * //__The New United States (Articles of Confed->Washington-Madison)__ // **
 * **__Ordinance of 1784__- NW territory would be divided into lands roughly the size of 13 origional states to be settled **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Land Ordinance of 1785__- Northwest land sold to pay national debt; 1 acre set aside in each town for public schooling **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Northwest Ordinance of 1787__- Transferred claimed state lands to National Government **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Judiciary Act of 1789__- Created federal courts, organized Supreme Court with 1 chief and 5 justices **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Neutrality Act__- declaration of neutrality in conflict between Britain and France **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Alien Acts__- allowed president to deport/imprison individuals he considered to be a threat to the United States and in a time of declared war **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Sedition Act__- stated that speaking, writing, or publishing criticisms of the government were at the very least misdemeanors and possibly treasonous **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Judiciary Act of 1801(Midnight Judges Act)__-reduced the number of seats on the Supreme Court from 6 to 5;reorganized the circuit courts, doubling them in number from three to six, and created three new circuit judgeships for each circuit (except the sixth, which received only one circuit judge); **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Embargo Act__- Prohibited trade w/Britain and France; hurt many americans and unpopular **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Non-Intercourse Act of 1806__- halted importation of many British commodities but failed to affect the British **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Embargo Act of 1807__- Prohibited all foreign trade; hurt US economy badly **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Macon's Bill #2__- Reopened all trade; restored embargo on other country if Britain/France removed commercial restrictions; France did (to trick US), which forced an embargo on Britain; first step from neutrality. **
 * **<span style="color: #e56b0b; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Non-Intercourse Act of 1809__- Reopened trade w/world except Britain **
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__James Monroe's Presidency__ // **
 * **<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Missouri Compromise : Tallmadge Agreement(1820)__- stated that Maine would come in to US as a free state and Missouri was a slave state; slavery north of the 36 30 line was prohibited **
 * **<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Monroe Doctrine__- The Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization; the United States would regard any interference in Western hemispheric affairs as a threat to its security; the United States would refrain from participation in European wars and would not disturb existing colonies in the Western Hemisphere ﻿ **
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Jacksonian Democracy__ // **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Specie Circular__- money backed by hard money (gold/silver) **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Indian Removal Act__- Authorized the removal of the "5 Civilized Tribes" so Americans could have their land **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Indian Intercourse Act of 1834__- regulated contact and trade with Native American tribes in their "reservations" **
 * **<span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Distribution Act__- surplus in treasury; Buren gave it out to national projects; leads to economic boom (Van Buren) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿﻿ **
 * //<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Antebellum Period (Polk-Buchanan)__ // **
 * **<span style="color: #9100ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Wilmont Proviso (not passed)__- would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico **
 * **<span style="color: #9100ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Compromise of 1850__- California enter as a Union state; More stringent Fugitive Slave Law of 1850; slavetrade (but not ownership) banned in D.C.; Mexican Cession lands would be divided into New Mexico and Utah territories (states choose slavery/no by popular sovereignty) **
 * **<span style="color: #9100ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Fugitive Slave Act__- Northern states return escaped slaves back to South; antagonized North **
 * **<span style="color: #9100ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Ostend Manifesto__- offered to buy Cuba, and justified taking the island if offer was refused (denied) **
 * **<span style="color: #9100ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Kansas-Nebraska Act__- Kansas slave, Nebraska free; shattered Missouri Comprise **
 * **<span style="color: #9100ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Lecompton Constitution Compromise__- L.C. would be submitted to the voters of Kansas again (after a previous rejection). If approved-> Kansas admitted to Union. If rejected-> statehood postponed (rejected again). <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿ **
 * __﻿__**
 * __//<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Civil War and Reconstrucion (Lincoln- Hayes) //__ **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Confiscation Acts of 1861__- #1-> declared all slaves used for "insurrectionary purposes" (aka help Confederates) would be considered freed. **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Homestead Act of 1862__- **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Morrill Land Grant Act__- transferred substantial public acreage to state governments (who were to sell the land and use $ to finance education). **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Emancipation Proclimation__- declared slaves in the Confederacy (except slave states with Union like TN, WV) free forever **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Tenure of Office Act__- Required president to get Senate approval before removing a cabinet member **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Civil Rights Act of 1866__- declared Af. Am. citizens of the US and gave fed gvnt power to intervene in state affairs to protect rights of citizens. **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Wade-Davis Bill__- slavery banned; leaders of Confederacy disenfranchised; 50% of citizens must swear loyalty **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Specie Resumption Act__- hard money wins **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Force Act + KKK Act__- made it illegal to use force/intimidation w/the intention of disenfranchising citizens+denying 14th amendment rights **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Bland-Allison Act__- allowed limited coinage of silver **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Dawes-Severalty Act__- N/Am persuaded to relinquish tribal ways by granting them plots of land and citizenship if they stayed on it for 25 yrs **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Force Act + KKK Act__- made it illegal to use force/intimidation w/the intention of disenfranchising citizens+denying 14th amendment rights **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Bland-Allison Act__- allowed limited coinage of silver **
 * **<span style="color: #ac06ac; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Dawes-Severalty Act__- N/Am persuaded to relinquish tribal ways by granting them plots of land and citizenship if they stayed on it for 25 yrs **

**//<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Gilded Age__ //** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **__//<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Progressive Era //__** > (1902) || Encouraged conservation by allowing the building of dams and irrigations systems using money from the sale of public lands. || > || **Elkins Act** > (1903) || Outlawed the use of rebates by railroad officials or shippers. || > || **Pure Food and Drug Act** > (1906/1911) || Required that companies accurately label the ingredients contained in processed food items. || > || **Meat Inspection Act** > (1906) || In direct response to Upton Sinclair's //The Jungle//, this law required that meat processing plants be inspected to ensure the use of good meat and health-minded procedures. || > || **Hepburn Act** > (1906) || Strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission, allowing it to set maximum railroad rates. || > || **Federal Reserve Act** > (1913) || Created 12 district Federal Reserve Banks, each able to issue new currency and loan member banks funds at the prime interest rate, as established by the Federal Reserve Board. || > || **Clayton Antitrust Act** > (1914) || Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act by outlawing the creation of a monopoly through any means, and stated that unions were not subject to antitrust legislation. || > || **Federal Trade Act** > (1914) || Established the Federal Trade Commission, charged with investigating unfair business practices including monopolistic activity and inaccurate product labeling. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Pendleton Act__- established Civil Service Commission **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Specie Resumption Act (1875)-__ hard money supply won out over greenbacks **
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Interstate Commerce Act of 1877__**-"**//All charges made for any service rendered or to be rendered in the transportation of passengers or property as aforesaid, or in connection therewith, or for the receiving, delivering, storage, or handling of such property, shall be reasonable and just; and every unjust and unreasonable charge for such service is prohibited and declared to be unlawful."//**
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**Bland-Allison Act of 1878**__**- limited coinage of silver**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 __ - Limited asian immigration and not changed til 1965 **
 * Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890
 * <span style="color: #800000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__**1890 Sherman Antitrust Act-**__ **Businesses were prohibited from using monopolistic practices or acting in restraint of trade and taking unfair advantage of competitors.**
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Wilson-Gorman Act of 1894__- increased tariff **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Dawes-Severalty Act__- Congress presuades Native Am to relinquish tribal ways by granting them plots of land and citizenship if they stayed on it for 25 years and made an effort to be "civilized". **
 * || **Newlands Reclamation Act**

<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__//﻿World War I//__** <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**//__Roaring Twenties__//**
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Esponiage Act of 1917__- fines and imprisonment for anyone "aiding the enemy" by obstructing the war effort. Also banned "treasonable" liturature**
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Sedition Act of 1918__- any criminal act punishable by fine/imprisonment to attempt to persuade/discourage the sale of war bonds or in any way hurt the military, Constitution, or government**
 * <span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Lever Act of 1917__- Aimed to mobilize agriculture and establish prices to encourage production**
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Jones Merchant Marine Act of 1920__- authorized the sale of ships built by gvnt to private bidders**
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Esch-Cummins Act of 1920__- Control of railroads returned to private companies.**
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Literacy Test Act__- required immigrants to pass a literacy test in english or their own native tongue**
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Emergency Quota Act of 1921__- reduced S and E european immigration**
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">**__Immigration act of 1924__- provided a national origins plan that reduced immigration to 2% for each nationality rep. in the 1890 census**

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">//__New Deal__// **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Glass-Stragall Act- forbade commercial banks from engaging in excessive speculation and start of FDIC **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">AAA; FERA; TVA; HOLC; CCC; NIRA; CWA; SEC; FHA; WPA; RA; REA; NLRA; Social Security Act **

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__//Post-World War II and Cold War//__ **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Taft-Hartley Act 1947- "unfair labor practices" as boycotts, sympathy strikes, and closed shop; req strikers to have a 60 day cooling-off period before strike **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Housing Act of 1949- increase minimum wage **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Social Security Act of 1950 **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Civil Rights Act of 1957 **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Economic Opportunity Act of 1964- fight War on Poverty; vocational training and education opp **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Appalachian Regional Developement Act **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Medicare Act of 1965 **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Civil Rights Act of 1964 **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Voting Rights Act of 1965 **